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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(3): 935-944, July-Sept. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699788

ABSTRACT

Sixty six indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were evaluated in stressful conditions (temperature, osmolarity, sulphite and ethanol tolerance) and also ability to flocculate. Eighteen strains showed tolerant characteristics to these stressful conditions, growing at 42 ºC, in 0.04% sulphite, 1 mol L-1 NaCl and 12% ethanol. No flocculent characteristics were observed. These strains were evaluated according to their fermentative performance in sugar cane juice. The conversion factors of substrates into ethanol (Yp/s), glycerol (Yg/s) and acetic acid (Yac/s), were calculated. The highest values of Yp/s in sugar cane juice fermentation were obtained by four strains, one isolated from fruit (0.46) and the others from sugar cane (0.45, 0.44 and 0.43). These values were higher than the value obtained using traditional yeast (0.38) currently employed in the Brazilian bioethanol industry. The parameters Yg/s and Yac/s were low for all strains. The UFLA FW221 presented the higher values for parameter related to bioethanol production. Thus, it was tested in co-culture with Lactobacillus fermentum. Besides this, a 20-L vessel for five consecutive batches of fermentation was performed. This strain was genetically stable and remained viable during all batches, producing high amounts of ethanol. The UFLA FW221 isolated from fruit was suitable to produce bioethanol in sugar cane juice. Therefore, the study of the biodiversity of yeasts from different environmental can reveal strains with desired characteristics to industrial applications.


Subject(s)
Stress, Physiological , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology , Acetic Acid/metabolism , Brazil , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Cell Aggregation , Ethanol/metabolism , Ethanol/toxicity , Fermentation , Glycerol/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/radiation effects , Sodium Chloride/metabolism , Sodium Chloride/toxicity , Sulfites/metabolism , Sulfites/toxicity , Temperature
2.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(6): 922-928, dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572608

ABSTRACT

Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Verbenaceae, plant extract, is a Brazilian medicinal plant externally used in folk medicine for purulent ulcers, skin lesions and internally for inflammations, fever, renal disorders and atherosclerosis. S. cayennesis was studied to identify potential bioactive compounds that may justify their therapeutic use against skin lesions and atherosclerosis. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and phototoxicity capacities of the crude ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds from roots of S. cayennesis were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro tests. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an eukaryotic cell model, were used to assess both the phototoxicity and the capacity to protect against the lethal oxidative stress caused by menadione and hydrogen peroxide. The extract, fractions and the two major isolated compounds, verbascoside and betulinic acid, of S. cayennensis were able to increase the tolerance and decrease the lipid peroxidation of S. cerevisiae to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant activity was also evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). Verbascoside exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, S.epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Neither the ethanolic extract nor fractions showed phototoxicity, indicating that the S. cayennensis extract is safe for use in the treatment of skin lesions and as an active cosmetic ingredient.


Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Verbenaceae, é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular brasileira contra úlceras e lesões de pele. Internamente é usada contra inflamações, febre, doenças renais e aterosclerose. Essa planta foi estudada com o objetivo de identificar os compostos bioativos majoritários que possam justificar seu uso terapêutico contra lesões de pele e arteriosclerose. A atividade antioxidante do extrato bruto etanólico, partições e os compostos majoritários isolados das raízes de S. cayennesis foi avaliada através de testes in vivo e in vitro. In vitro a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo teste fotocolorimétrico do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH•). In vivo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, um modelo de célula eucariótica, foi utilizado tanto para avaliar a fototoxicidade quanto a capacidade antioxidante contra as espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROS) menadiona e peróxido de hidrogênio. O extrato, partições e os dois compostos majoritários isolados, verbascosídeo e ácido betulínico foram capazes de aumentar a sobrevivência e diminuir a peroxidação lipídica de S. cerevisiae contra EROS. Verbascosídeo apresentou atividade antimicrobiana moderada contra Streptococcus pyogenes, S.epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus. O extrato etanólico e as partições testadas não apresentaram fototoxicidade, indicando que S. cayennensis é uma planta segura para o tratamento de lesões de pele e como possível ingrediente em cosméticos.

3.
Acta cir. bras ; 25(1): 59-62, jan.-fev. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-537123

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: An experimental study was performed to investigate the use of protein carbonyl group as a specific biological marker for oxidative stress in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups with eight animals each: Group 1 - Control group; Group 2 - Sham; Group 3 - Intestinal ischaemia by clamping ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery for one hour, followed by another hour of reperfusion. Blood samples were taken in order to analyze the protein carbonyl level by Slot blotting assay. RESULTS: In group 3 a significant increase of protein carbonyl level was observed if compared to the homogenous levels of groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: From the results it may be concluded that the protein carbonylation may be used as a specific marker for measuring oxidative stress in rat intestinal reperfusion model.


OBJETIVO: Realizou-se um estudo experimental com a finalidade de investigar o uso da proteína carbonilada como um marcador biológico específico do estresse oxidativo em um modelo de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal, em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quarto ratos da linhagem Wistar, machos foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em três grupos compostos por oito animais cada: Grupo 1 - Controle; Grupo 2 - Simulação e Grupo 3 - Submetido à isquemia, mediante clampeamento de ramos ileais da artéria mesentérica superior por uma hora, seguida de reperfusão, por igual período. Amostras sanguíneas obtidas foram utilizadas para analise dos níveis de proteína carbonilada, através do método Slot blotting. RESULTADOS: No grupo 3 houve uma elevação significante da concentração de proteína carbonilada sérica se comparada aos níveis sanguíneos homogêneos encontrados nos grupos 1 e 2. CONCLUSÃO: Fundamentado nos resultados é possível concluir que, a carbonilação protéica pode ser utilizada como um marcador específico para a mensuração do estresse oxidativo em modelos de reperfusão intestinal, em ratos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Proteins/analysis , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Oxidative Stress , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Biomarkers/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/diagnosis
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(5): 425-428, Sept.-Oct. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-491907

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of Propofol and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats by determining carbonyl protein level. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: Control; Sham; I/R with Propofol; I/R with Propofol and NAC; I/R with Ketamine and Xylazine. The I/R groups underwent 60 minutes of ischemia and an equal period of reperfusion. Blood samples, collected by cardiac punction, were centrifuged for plasma obtainment. Protein carbonyl level in plasma samples was determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS: No significant difference in protein carbonyl level was found between Control and Sham groups (P>0.05). The highest reduction in protein carbonyl level (P<0.05) was obtained with the administration of Propofol and NAC (Group 4) in intestinal I/R procedure. CONCLUSION: The administration of Propofol and NAC showed the best antioxidant effect on oxidative stress in rats that underwent intestinal I/R procedure, suggesting a synergistic interaction.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito antioxidante do Propofol e N-Acetilcisteína (NAC) na isquemia/reperfusão (I/R) intestinal em ratos através da determinação do nível de proteína carbonilada. MÉTODOS: 40 ratos Wistar foram aleatoriamente distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: Controle; Sham; I/R com Propofol; I/R com Propofol e NAC; I/R com Ketamina e Xilazina. Os grupos I/R foram submetidos à isquemia durante 60 minutos e à reperfusão por igual período de tempo. Amostras de sangue, coletadas por punção cardíaca, foram centrifugadas para a obtenção de plasma. O nível de proteína carbonilada nas amostras de plasma foi determinado por imunoblotting. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os grupos Controle e Sham (P>0.05). Uma redução marcante no nível de proteína carbonilada (P<0.05) foi obtida com a administração combinada de Propofol e NAC (Grupo 4) durante o procedimento de I/R intestinal, comparando-se com os demais grupos I/R testados. CONCLUSÃO: A administração de Propofol e NAC apresentou o melhor efeito antioxidante sobre o estresse oxidativo em ratos submetidos ao procedimento de I/R intestinal, sugerindo-se uma interação sinergística.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Intestines/blood supply , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Propofol/pharmacology , Protein Carbonylation/physiology , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
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